Method of making drill-bits



(No Model.) 3

M. DIAMOND 8v W. H. BROOK.

METHOD OF MAKING DRILL BITS.

No. 333,506. Patented Jan. 5, 1886.

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Sscwanmr CH I I SECTION AT E F l Virlvsssss luv/51v r08 5 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MATTHEW DIAMOND, OF TARRYTOWN, AND WILLIAM HENRY BROOK, OF NEWTOWN, NEW YORK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 333,506, dated January 5. II 886.

Application filed November 16, 1885. Serial No. 183,026. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, MATTHEW DIAMOND, residing in Tarrytown, county of Westchester, and State of New York, and WILLIAM H.

BROOK, residing in Newtown, county ofQueens, and State aforesaid, citizens each of the United States, have invented a new and useful Method of Making Drill-Bits, thenature of which is fully and clearly set forth in the following IO specification and drawings annexed.

Our invention relates to drill-bits produced in dies of novel and appropriate structure under blow or pressure, and has thus for its object an improved construction, by mechanical 1 power alone, of the usual hand-made drillbit for rock-boring.

Figure 1 is a plan or face view of the die or its llke counter-die; Fig.2, a view of either die in transverse sections along the dotted 23 lines E F, G H, and I K in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a vertical longitudinal view of the die devices at A Band C D in central section. Fig. 4 shows drill-bit in its inchoate state after first operation at A B, while Fig. 5 is a perspec- 25 tive view of the drill-bit when brought to a finish.

The die and counter-die made use of in our invention consist of two similar blocks of fine steel or other hard metal having the requisite suitable dimensions and the usual cubical shape. Into the face or contact-surfaces of each are cut the two devices at A B and C D, as shown in Fig. 1, popularly called breakdowns, for shaping the metal introduced to the dies into the particular form desired.

As is well known to those skilled in dropforging in dies, the heated metal,when forced under pressure into the excavation or cavity designed for its reception, as soon as pushed 40 into contact with the sides of its inclosure, and thereby prevented from further lateral extension, is squeezed or driven out in part along its only remaining channel of escape t. e., in the direction of the shank of the bar of steel from which the forging is made-thus causing a deficiency of the metal at one point and a corresponding surplus at another.. To counteract this tendency and provide a sure method of constructing a drill-bit wholly by mechanical power, which thus far never has been successfully accomplished, we have invented the novel devices shown as cut in the dies, respectively, at A B and G D, Fig. 1. Each of the two operating-dies is made with an excavation or breakdown at A B, exactly 5 5 similar in outline and area, and of a depth, Fig. 3, su'fficient to admit a fully-developed blade of the bit. The Walls or sides of this cavity, as well as its circular interior end, are perpendicular to the die-face, while at its other end or mouth the same are beveled or rounded out as a bed for the bar of metal from which the bit is made. The width of this breakdown at the point of division where the shank ends and the bit proper ()5 begins, G H, Fig. 1, is scarcely greater than the normal thickness of a wing of the bit when finished; but from this point backward to the interior end of the breakdown it is gradually increased to the relative size shown in Fig. 1. Thus this device, it will be observed, not only provides an ample area for the introduction of the metal in sufficient bulk, but, also,

by the convergence of its walls in a forward direction down to a neck, an effective means of holding at the point required in the fabrication of the bit the metal which otherwise would be forced back under pressure into the shank or stock of the bit, as heretofore explained. vention, whereby the metal is held in place and in sufficient bulk to form a perfect bit, while subjected to treatment wholly mechanical, we claim as new and never before known or used. The entire face of the die and its counter-die, between a b and c d, Fig. 1, is cut down alike in each below the level of the remaining part of their respective face-surfaces,

so that when the two dies are operated and their smooth, even faces are brought into con- 0 tact, the opening or space thus provided between a b and c d is of sufficient size and of the appropriate dimensions to permit the successful forging by their extension laterally, Fig. 4, of two opposite side wings of thedrillbit of the requisite thickness. The end walls,

a b and c d, of the inclosed space or depression thus formed are beveled down in each of the dies, whereby the cutting end of the forged blades is reduced down in the operation to a sharpened edge, Fig. 5, and the other or stoc end brought to a proper finish.

This important feature of our in- 80 Having. thus described in detail the peculiar structure of our die device atA B, suppose, with the view more clearly to understand its functions, the first step of the process in the mechanical construction of the drill-bit be undertaken. Having placed the dies in their usual relative positions, securely keyed in proper adjustment to the power-hammer, a bar of steel of suitable size, and after the customary heating, is thereupon introduced, extending the entire length of the breakdown, ,and firmly held directly over and resting upon the same. The heated and softened metal, upon descent of the upper upon the nether die, is immediately smitten and pressed out in the only four directions allowed it by the device above described, as avenues for escape. As soon as the metal under pressure or blow of the hammer has thus been distributed sufficiently to permit Contact of one die-face with the other,the operation is concluded, when it will be found that out of the metal driven laterally in opposite directions have been forged two of the wings or blades, Fig. 4, of the drill-bit desired while so much as has at the same time filled the breakdowns of the die and counter-die has been transformed thereby into a bulky mass having its greatest width and thickness ataits rear or interior end, Figs. 2 and 4, and having at all points the novel shape peculiar to our device and requisite for producing the two remaining blades of the bit when subjected to a second operation, hereinafter described. Each of the dies is provided with a further or second de vice in the excavation at G D, Fig. 1, whereby the drill-bit thus far but imperfectly developed is brought to its perfected state by the same mechanical power. Its mouth or entrance end for adjusting and manipulating thebar of metal is fashioned similarly to that at A B, already described, while its interior end, unlike the circulafltinish in the other, is beveled to a point, Fig. 1. and has its walls in common with those of the sides of the cavity perpendicular to the die-face. The surface-edges of the side walls are slightly rounded, as shown in the drawings, whereby the angles or corners formed by the wings of the bit are in the process of the forging, Figs. 2 and 5, correspondin gl y rounded out and greatly strengthened, so as entirely to avoid the danger of cracking or breaking atthat point common to the hand-wrought drill-bit. The sides of the excavation which assume a direction entirely the reverse of those shown in the other device converge as they approach its interior end, Fig. 1, while its bed or bottom, Fig. 3, is an inclined plane downward toward the same point. The inclosure or cavity thus formed at C D in each of the dies thus corresponds in outline and dimensions to a fully-developed blade of the bit and readily admits of its introduction therein.

The functions of the device at O D, lastdescribed, will be readily understood after ex- "plaining the treatment of the metal at this second step in our novel process for producing a finished drill-bit having its cutting edges or lips perfectly sharpened ready for service. As soon as the first operation at A B, is concluded the bar of metal is removed therefrom and passed to the excavation atO D, where it is put into position for treatment by inserting one of the two already developed side wings of the bit into the excavation or inc-losure designed for its reception. By this arrangement it will be observed the bulky mass of metal shaped out, Fig. 4, in embryo for two of the four blades of the bit by the breakdowns in the previous'operati'on now occupies relatively a horizontal instead of its former perpendicular position, and is thus made subject to the same direct pressure and general treatment in the dies, which in the former operation were employed to shape out into the-requisite thickness the two lateral wings. If,now, the pressure or blow oftheham mer be renewed, and the upper die forced lnto" contact with the other, that one of the two previously-forged wings which projects perpendicularly upward passes-into the excavation of the upper die prepared to receive it, where both it and the opposite wing, already located in the corresponding excavation of the nether die, are subjected anew to pressure by contact with the walls of their inclosures, and, as thus redressed, are not only shaped into their proper 3 width, but at all points given the exact finish required in the perfect drill-bit. At the same time the mass of metal which remains exposed for forming the side wings is smitten and reduced, as in the first operation, into the shape required to form the other two wings of the requisite thickness and with sharpened lips.

At this point,upon readj usting thebar of metal, so as next to introduce one of the two lateral blades last forged into the die-excavation at O i D, the operation is repeated, and thus, in like manner as before, 'are fashioned in proper width and finish the remaining two blades of the bit. Thus have we succeeded, by the several operations in our device described, in.

producing, by mechanical power alone, a per fect drill-bit.

Heretofore in the making of a drill-bit by hand the end of the bar of steel out of which the bit was to be fashioned was, after first being heated, cut by a chisel longitudinally along its sides, for forming the wings of the bit, and at as many points as there werewings to be worked out. This operation rendered the hitliable to crack at the angles thus formed, not only in hardening, but likewise at any time afterward when put to use, thus not infrequently requiring the forging of another bit from the bar prepared anew for that purpose by first cutting off the one already broken and useless. In our device, however, not only is the need and use of the chisel entirely avoided, but, as already pointed out, the angles or corners made by the wings of the bit are sufficiently flush or rounded to render impossible any contingency from. breakage at that point. Again, it is readily apparent that the repeated reheating of the metal, made necessary in the hand-wrought drill-bit as often as a new wing is forged, and the well-known consequent damage to the metal thereby, is very greatly reduced in our device, where the entire forging of the bit to its perfected state is limited to the operations herein described. It is likewise evident that the metal of the drill-bit thus produced is given increased strength and tenacity by reason of the uniform distribution of pressure to which it has been subjected in every part and at the same time, and is thus free from any weak spots of soft metal which are developed in the hand- Wrought bit from the greater use of the hammer in one place than another. So, also, the

present construction is, comparatively, one of great cheapness, Where the bit is brought to its perfection by mechanical power alone, and 20 since occasion no longer exists, as formerly,

Executed at the city of New York this 30th day of September, A. D. 1885.

MATTHEW DIAMOND. v WVILLIAM HENRY BROOK.

Attest:

V. A. PETERS, A. F. WAGNER. 

